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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares some features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment system based on mathematical proof. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, that could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed servers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be replicated and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative useful link to other people. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with little alternative) keep the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been reached. This creates bitcoin more attractive as an advantage in concept, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory operate in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, each user is identified with the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most special info exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their customers before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a particular transaction is visible to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and when greater than an hour has passed, then it is not possible to change.
While this may disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.